Canine Influenza Virus
Frequently Asked Questions

What is Canine influenza?  Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a new respiratory virus specific to dogs.  It was first recognized in racing greyhounds in Florida in 2004.  The most recent data have confirmed cases in 30 states.  Florida, Colorado, and the New York City regions have become endemic for CIV (the virus is considered to be established in those areas).  Because this is a new virus in dogs there is no natural immunity.

How does my dog get the virus?  The virus is spread by direct contact, respiratory secretions from a cough or sneeze, or via contaminated surfaces.  The incubation period is usually two to five days.  Infected dogs will shed the virus for seven to ten days after clinical signs first appear.  All dogs regardless of breed or age are susceptible to the infection.   Of the dogs exposed to CIV about 80% will develop signs of illness and another 20% will show no signs but still be able to shed and spread the virus.  The disease has been fatal for fewer than 8% of the cases.

What symptoms does the CIV cause? Canine influenza virus mimics other causes of kennel cough. The majority of dogs infected will have a soft, moist cough that will persist for 10-21 days.  Many dogs have a purulent discharge from the nose and a low grade fever, however some dogs progress to pneumonia with fevers as high as 104 to 106.  Treatment includes supportive care, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, and intravenous administration of antibiotics and fluids in the more severe cases.

What can be done for prevention and control?  In May 2009 the USDA approved the licensure of the first canine influenza vaccine for dogs developed by Intervet/Schering Plough Animal Health Corporation.  The vaccine was tested in 30 different breeds of dogs ranging in age from 6 weeks to 10 years of age.   Although the vaccine may not prevent infection altogether, the trials have shown the vaccination may significantly reduce the severity and duration of illness, including damage to the lungs.

Should my dog be vaccinated?  The doctors here at Spring Oaks Animal Care Center recommend vaccinating for canine influenza virus if your dog visits any of these types of venues:  Doggie day care, dog parks, pet superstores, boarding kennels, shelters, grooming facilities, dog shows or any other events where many dogs are present.

What is involved in the vaccination process?  Your dog will receive two subcutaneous (under the skin) injections given two to four weeks apart.  Annual revaccination is recommended. 

Sincerely,
Dr. Paula Alshouse
Dr. Jim Jackson
Dr. Paul Lamborn